Death

Before conception, each of us had no claim upon the Earth. With conception and the miracle of new life, we laid claim to huge numbers of atoms. Energy put these atoms into molecules and kept them moving and accumulating such that our human bodies evolved. At full life, we include about 75 kilograms worth of these unique little particles.

Eventually though, and hopefully after a long and full life, our bodies can no longer sustain themselves. Death signals the end of a journey that started long ago from two cells coming together.

Not so many years ago, upon death, a human body would lie on the Earth’s surface. Where-ever it fell, it would provide food to a host of other creatures. Some carnivore scavengers may take advantage but most of the body would feed little creatures, the detrivores. And, these little creatures would fall prey to larger creatures that would fall prey to even larger creatures and, in a grand circle, may provide food and energy for a new generation of humans.

If we prevent the detrivores from accessing the human body, its potential as food isn’t realized. Further, if we bequeath even more to the body, we reduce the amount available for other living things, whether small detrivores or new generations of humans. This legacy can only come from those with little view to or hope of future’s potential.

Cremation about 600 Megajoules per body
Funeral pyre about 400 kg of wood or 6000 Megajoules per body
Casket and vault over 500 kg of smelted and shaped metal, transported and buried
Burial vault small stone structure, human labour to gather materials and erect
Pyramid large stone structure, human labour to gather materials and erect

viking


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Altruism

Proportions we give for altruism increase when we have more confidence that our basic needs will be satisfied for the foreseeable future. Objectives of altruistic behaviour differ from nurturing the poor to sponsoring concerts to lofting rockets. Individuals enjoy pleasure from satisfying their wants rather than satiating basic needs.

Assume our needs, principally food and security, are met. How do we proportion the remainder? Let’s make two grand divisions. One enhances food and security. Two indulges pure pleasure. The pleasure is not necessarily hedonistic; sitting in front of a TV for entertainment makes us happy. For the other division, we apply funds for welfare and hospitals. Such potential safety nets assuage any concern about future shortfalls. Whether altruistic or egoistic, many individuals have much to play with.

Thanks to technology, our options for pleasure and the amount of pleasure both continue to increase. Our space probes travel beyond the heliopause. Nearly 100 million people leisurely sit for a day to watch the Super Bowl. And, yachts and airplanes get larger and swankier. This shows that excesses, for some, are great.

Sitting for a day to watch TV is fun but if watchers are wise, they follow-up by repairing any harm done by this lethargy. Here, short-term gain may be a cause of long-term pain. Contrarily, putting effort in knowledge has positive results. Orbiting satellites view the Earth and discern weather trends and environment changes. Here, short-term efforts lead to long term benefits. Thus, today’s allocation of excesses has a dramatic effect on the future.

With continual oversupply and growth, we can continue applying excess in whichever altruistic venue we decide. But, our hard-won knowledge tells us that growth can’t continue forever and eventually we will reach a limit. Then, the ratio of wants to needs may change. Will we continue striving for more knowledge in the hopes of long term gain? Or, will we aim for short term gain, for pleasure and let the future deal with whatever arises?

WC Fields


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What’s In It for Me?

Democracy gives the power of government to the average person. At least this is the intent. With free elections, people choose their leaders. Presumably they base their selection upon the leader’s vision for the country. For every platform, every decision, voters want to know, “What’s in it for me?”.

Potential leaders base their platforms upon this selection criteria. Thus, they orchestrate a campaign that they think will get them elected. Because of this, campaigns resonate with promises of better lives, safer societies, happier constituents; that is, to safeguard the status quo. These promises target the voters and target one election. Thus, leaders only address immediate needs. Such a prescription leads to allocations as in the following graph (derived here);

oecd

In consequence, governments lock themselves into a perpetual series of short term advances to placate voters/individuals. Further, governments must maintain previous advances as no voter considers reducing their lifestyle. Hence, governments have a growing maintenance obligation, a diminishing ability to empower discoveries and no interest in preparing for the future. After all, there’s no benefit to solving a future problem as the problem may never arise or the problem will arise to the consternation of later governments. So, hundreds of years of democracy has resulted with individuals having perhaps the most luxurious lifestyles known but who live in a society with little thought or interest in a future past the next election and no interest past their lifetimes.

Certainly governments have the ability to redirect allocations, but only if they are so directed. How much are voters willing to forego to enable those yet born to perhaps enjoy a better life? Does democracy choke future’s potential?


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Democracry

Most of us capably make adequate personal decisions that see us through the day. We make choices of breakfast from the food available. We decide on who to speak with so as to enjoy the day. Perhaps surprisingly, only a few of us will consider future needs during our day to day activities.

Sadly many North Americans fall into the trap of assuming a life without change. A job becomes a life. A wage becomes an expectation. Once with a job, life becomes a matter of tick marks; a spouse, children, their education, and retirement. But retirement gets slated as a nirvana existence of pleasure, no demands and no productivity. No decisions, no stress, no choice.

When people enlarge their focus to include more than their nuclear family, their vision shrinks, if anything. City politicians must build roads to assuage businesses’ growth and their need for more workers. States look to remedy the negative effects of industry. Countries keep imports and exports flowing and look for more resources to sell. All to keep apace with the ‘norm’.

Nationals, as much as individuals, are guilty of ignoring the future in the expectation that continuity reigns supreme. Democracy, a guiding light for citizens, fails as it reduces to a system that rewards those who promise the most to the individual. Tax rebates, augmented health care, increased security wins at the ballot box. A destination, a future never even gets discussed.

Given the continual need for re-election, there’s no incentive, hence no desire, to consider a future beyond the next election. A five year vision whether for direct democracy or the central leadership of the Chinese seems to be as far as we can see.

Maybe this is why we see so few programs like the 10 years of the Apollo space program or the 20 years of the 3 Gorges Dam power supply program. What mechanism or incentive would ever see a human outreach to space that may take hundreds of years and international effort? Sadly, no one will ever vote for it as, obviously, there’s nothing in it for us. We will never see the benefit no matter how rewarding it may be for our children.

What other decisions do we shy from in the hope that inertia is absolute?
Acropolis

city


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Cooling Down

Crisp days and cold nights herald a new season here. Most leaves have floated down from branches and aid in building the soil’s nutrients. Photosynthesis no longer captures the Sun’s energy nor adds to trees’ energy stores. Windows, once wide open to catch any cool summer breeze, are now closed with sincerity. Most remain that way to ensure the softening of winter’s bite.

Climate change aside, let’s assume this winter’s average temperature is similar to last’s. A typically sized family home with a very efficient heater consumes about 1500 cubic metres of natural gas. This consumptions keeps the house’s interior at a liveable 19C, certainly no tropical paradise. The energy content of the natural gas is about 5.67e10 Joules (or about 57 GJ).

Eventually we’ll use up all the stores of natural gas. Ignoring the environmental issues about burning wood, let’s use it as a potential replacement. At an energy density of 15e6 Joules per kilogram, we’d need 4000 kilograms of wood. Clear cutting less than a hectare of a virgin forest would provide this. Actually a hectare would provide about 100 000 kg.

Sounds good so far but there’s a few practicalities. Canada has nearly 12 million households. That’s 480 000 hectares each year. A tree needs at least a hundred years of absorbing the Sun’s energy in order for it to contain sufficient energy to make it worthwhile cutting. Thus we’d need 48 000 000 hectares, nearly a third of Canada’s forested area. As well, each year we’d have to carry 4.8e10 kilograms of wood from the field to the fire. And this is solely Canada, a country blessed with vast forests but challenged by harsh climates.

Forests couldn’t replace the natural gas delivered to houses. But, we’re consuming it and all the fossil fuels at an ever increasing rate. Where will we find the energy to heat homes once the fossil fuels are all gone. Will forests remain to provide us with the necessary energy stores?

cord


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