Tis the season of portable energy. Phones, radios, toys all perform commanded functions given a supply of electrical energy. A common type is the 23 grams AA alkaline dry cell battery.

So expedient are these that the US produces over 3 billion dry cell batteries annually. Assuming all are alkaline, they consume about 1.38e6kg of Zinc, another 1.38e7kg of Iron and 1.725kg of Manganese. The remainder is electrolyte, plastic and paper carbon.

The energy cost of this material includes mining from the Earth, refining, transporting, fabricating, transporting, distributing, transporting, and, if lucky, recycling. All this effort is to annually provide 4.37e13 Joules (for all 3 billion batteries at 2700mAh).

If the same energy was available as food it would feed about 12000 people over the year. Yet there is no way that 12000 people could, unassisted by machines, ever make 3 billion batteries a year. Is this unbalanced application of energy wise or sustainable?

Borrow now as an investment in the future. Use the investment to make profits to pay back the debt. The mantra of economics trumpets this message over and over.

The US national gross debt is about $10trillion. New York State has a debt of $128billion (including public authorities). New York City has a debt of $59billion.  Personal household debt for the US is $11.4trillion. Residents of the US maintain a revolving credit card debt of $1trillion. Add this up to find a per capita debt load of over $73 510 per person. Yet, in New York City, the per capita annual salary is about $48 631.

Energetic work is needed to pay the debt. If the energy supply falters what does this mean for the future that we have so fully indentured?

 

 

For a short time in the life span of the Earth, humans have made a significant impression as seen in the following.

In 12000 brief years, our species has become a significant effector on the Earth’s surface. Will we be able to continue to prosper as the impact of our actions reverbrates?